Works Cited

Bambara, Toni Cade. "Reading the Signs, Empowering the Eye: Daughters of the Dust and the Black Independent Cinema Movement." Black American Cinema. Ed. Manthia Diawara. New York: Routledge, 1993: 118-44.

Bazin, Andre. "An Aesthetic of Reality: Neorealism." What is Cinema Vol. II. Trans. Hugh Gray. Berkeley: University of Cal. Press, 1972: 16-40.

Bogle, Donald. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies & Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks In American Films. New York: Continuum, 1995.

Diawara, Manthia. "Black American Cinema: The New Realism." Black American Cinema. Ed. Manthia Diawara. New York: Routledge, 1993: 3-25.

Edelstein, David. "All in the Family." Village Voice. 18 Dec. 1984: 82-84.

Guerrero, Edward. "Negotiations of Ideology, Manhood, and Family in Billy Woodberry’s Bless Their Little Hearts." Black American Literature Forum. 25, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 315-22.

---. Framing Blackness: The African American Image in Film. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.

Klotman, Phyllis Rauch. Screenplays of the Black American Experience. Indianapolis & Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 91-118.

Lawton, Ben. "Italian Neorealism: A Mirror Construction of Reality." Film Criticism. 3, no.2 (1979): 8-23.

Nochlin, Linda. Realism. London: Penguin, 1971.

Nichols, Bill. "The Fact of Realism and the Fiction of Objectivity." Representing Reality. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991. 165-98.

Masilela, Ntongela. "The Los Angeles School of Black Film makers." Black American Cinema. Ed. Manthia Diawara. New York: Routledge, 1993: 107-17.

Snead, James. White Screens Black Images. New York: Routledge, 1994.

Vogel, Amos. "Limits of Neo-Realism." Film Culture. June 1957: 17-20.

Wali, Monona. "Life Drawings: Charles Burnett’s Realism." The Independent. 11, no. 8 (Oct. 1988): 16-22.

Return to "Black Independent Cinema"--page four.